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avoidance maneuvers , and the use of protective equipment .
● Communicating with authorities : airlines should maintain regular communication with aviation authorities and military forces to obtain the latest information on airspace restrictions and potential threats .
● Training crew members : Flight crews should receive specialized training on operating in conflict zones , including how to recognize and respond to potential threats .
If an airline fails to take adequate measures to protect its passengers and crew in a conflict zone , it may face legal consequences . These could include claims for personal injury , wrongful death , and property damage . The specific legal framework applicable to such claims will depend on the jurisdiction in which the incident occurs and the applicable laws ( in this case , it is worth mentioning international laws like the Chicago and Montreal conventions , regional agreements like the Arab Civil Aviation Commission and national laws ).
To mitigate the risk of legal liability , airlines should maintain a comprehensive insurance coverage and ensure that their operations comply with all relevant safety regulations . Additionally , airlines should document their efforts to mitigate risks and respond to incidents , which can represent important evidence in case of legal proceedings .
3 ) Can airlines weather the storm ? Force majeure and conflict-related disruptions .
The doctrine of force majeure is a legal concept that can provide a defense for those parties to a contract that are unable to fulfill their obligations due to events beyond their control . These events , known as force majeure events , are typically characterized by their extraordinary nature and by the impossibility or impracticability of countering them .
In the context of airspace restrictions due to armed
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